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stochastic drift
In probability theory, stochastic drift is the change of the average value of a stochastic (random) process. A related term is the drift rate, which is the rate at which the average changes. For example, a process that counts the number of heads in a series of coin tosses has a drift rate of 1/2 per toss. This is in contrast to the random fluctuations about this average value. The stochastic mean of that coin-toss process is 1/2 and the drift rate of the stochastic mean is 0, assuming 1=heads and 0=tails.
==Stochastic drifts in population studies==
Longitudinal studies of secular events are frequently conceptualized as consisting of a trend component fitted by a polynomial, a cyclical component often fitted by an analysis based on autocorrelations or on a Fourier series, and a random component (stochastic drift) to be removed.
In the course of the time series analysis, identification of cyclical and stochastic drift components is often attempted by alternating autocorrelation analysis and differencing of the trend. Autocorrelation analysis helps to identify the correct phase of the fitted model while the successive differencing transforms the stochastic drift component into white noise.
Stochastic drift can also occur in population genetics where it is known as Genetic drift. A ''finite'' population of randomly reproducing organisms would experience changes from generation to generation in the frequencies of the different genotypes. This may lead to the fixation of one of the genotypes, and even the emergence of a new species. In sufficiently small populations, drift can also neutralize the effect of deterministic natural selection on the population.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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